Names and short parametres of processors. A part 3.

For three ten years of intensive perfection of processors the large quantity of these extremely important units which differ as solid-state technology, by the architecture and konstruktivom, and the price, and functionality, including productivity has been released. Not only new, but also many of early models are successfully maintained as a part of the computers which are now for users. Thus quite often in the technical literature and instructions use not only firm trading names of processors, but internal names of these products and their architectures that complicates identification of products.

To attempt of classification of names of processors and their architectures with coercion of key parametres the substances presented more low are resulted.

From time of release by the corporation of Intel of the first-ever processor has transited hardly more than three tens years. For this time the given corporation inspecting, by the way, already more of 80 % of the market of processors, it has been released hundred millions these extremely important units. Thus they had different architectures, types and names. Some data of the released products of Intel will be resulted further.

Processors of Pentium Pro became the first processors of the sixth generation — P6. In their architecture cache memory L2 banked in one tank with a kernel and working on frequency of a kernel of the processor for the first time is applied. However processors had very high cost price of manufacture.

All innovations realised in Pentium Pro, have inherited processors of Pentium II and soon Pentiums which have replaced them III. Thus the cost price of these processors was unlike below their prototype and predshetvennika.

Thanks to successes of processing technique these processors became really mass products.

Pentiums II/III —  P6/6x86 set, the first representatives have appeared in May, 1997 the Set of these processors banks under the common name the processors intended for different segments of the market: Pentium II (Klamath, Deschutes) and Pentium III (Katmai, Coppermine, Tualatin) — for the mass market of the PC of an average level, Celeron (Covington, Mendocino, Dixon, Coppermine, Tualatin) — for inexpensive computers, Xeon (Xeon, Tanner, Cascades etc .) — for high-powered servers and workstations. Has modifications for Slot 1, Slot 2, Socket 370, and also appropriate variants for transportable computers.

Fig. 1. Processor Slot 1 plug

Fig. 2. Processor Socket 370 plug

Klamath —  the name of a kernel of the first processors of the bar of Pentium II (January, 1997 ). Processing technique — 0,35 microns. Clock rates of a kernel — 233-300 MHz. Frequency of the bus — 66 MHz, cache memory L1 — 32 Kbytes, cache memory L2 — 512 Kbytes. Last for processor depreciation it is allocated on the processor card and works on half of frequency of a kernel of the processor. It is added by the MMX-block. Kernel power supply — 2,8 In, konstruktiv — cartridge SECC, the plug — Slot 1.

Fig. 3. The processor of Pentium III

Deschutes —  the kernel name (January, 1998 ) processors of the bar of Pentium II which have replaced Klamath. Processing technique — 0,25 microns, kernel power supply — 2,0  — 266-450 + MHz, frequency of the bus — 66, 100 MHz, cache memory L1 — 32 Kbytes, cache memory L2 allocated on the card of the processor, — 512 Kbytes. The plug — Slot 1. Konstruktiv — cartridge SECC which in high models has been replaced on SECC2 (a cache memory on the one hand from a kernel, instead of from two, as in standard Deschutes; the changed mount of the fan).

Tonga —  one of code names of transportable processors of Pentium II — Mobile Pentium II. It is constructed on 0,25 microns kernel Deschutes. For the first time there was in April, 1998 a Clock rate of a kernel — 233-300 + MHz, buses — 66 MHz. It was released in konstruktive Mini Cartridge Connector and Mobile Module Connector 1 and 2 (MMC-1 and 2).

Katmai — the kernel name (September, 1999 ) processors of Pentium III which have come in the stead Deschutes. Block SSE is added (Streaming SIMD Extensions), is expanded instruction set MMX, is improved the mechanism of stream memory access. Tehprotsess — 0,25 microns, clock rate — 450-600 MHz, cache memory L2 allocated on the processor card, — 512 Kbytes. Frequency of the bus — 100 MHz, but in connection with delay Coppermine have been released models 533 and 600 MHz calculated for frequency of the bus of the processor of 133 MHz.

Celeron —  the set of the processors oriented to the mass market of inexpensive computers. This set includes the models created on the basis of Covington architectures, Mendocino, Dixon, Coppermine, Tualatin. For the first time models have appeared in April, 1998. Were released in the beginning for Slot 1, further — for Socket 370. Frequencies of bus FSB — 66, 100 MHz.

Covington —  the first variants of processors (April, 1998 ) bars Celeron. Are constructed on kernel Deschutes. Processing technique — 0,25 microns. Clock rate — 266-300 MHz, frequency of the bus — 66 MHz, cache memory L1 — 32 Kbytes. For reduction of the cost price processors were released without the cache memory of the second level and a protective cartridge. Kernel power supply — 2,0 V.Interfejs — facilitated Slot 1, konstruktiv — SEPP (Single Edge Pin Package). Processors were characterised rather by low output, but, thanks to absence of cache memory L2, differed high stability of operation in dispersal modes.