Perspectives of computer processing techniques

Evgenie Rudometov.
authors@rudometov.com

The prompt development of computer processing techniques which are carried out in the conditions of the international integration, demands coordination of operation of experts of the different countries. To it promotes Developer forums IDF which spring series has opened IDFSpring 2004 in San Francisco (the USA, California), and will continue sessions in other countries, including Russia (on May, 17th) and Ukraine (on April, 28th).

The person of a modern civilisation promptly varies. Step-by-step leaves in the past the popular doctrine of groups And and In and the ideology linked to them is no time. The share of traditional productions is reduced and promptly the share of so-called high technologies among which the central place and on immediate prospects is occupied now with semiconducting and computer processing techniques increases. These perspective processing techniques which have become derivating for number of industries, are a basis, new basis, a modern civilisation – civilisations as which by right it is possible to name informational.

Really, information technologies and the branches linked to them occupy the increasing share in a modern economic mechanism, bringing to 90 % of profit to the advanced countries, being their source of riches and prosperity.

However, it is necessary to mark, that the last some years considerable recession in the high technology branches of production was observed. It has given even the underplate for a number of analysts to speak about an overheat of the market of investments, overestimations of actions of the high technology productions and even a decline of computer processing techniques.

But, as warned one of the most outstanding heads, CEO Intel corporations, Krejg Barrett: “the Common for all crisis is that they are ended sooner or later». Besides, he warned, that this crisis will be short and the one who will manage will win to use this period for reorganisation of the structures and effective application before the stored resources.

According to a prediction of the fast termination of heavy times for information technologies for the high technology productions today it is possible to observe the crisis termination. Moreover, now corporations which have managed effectively to dispose of resources accessible to them and did not reduce the investment into perspective processing techniques, feel unknown enthusiasm of business activity, increasing production and release of high technology production: by some estimations growth of sales of computers per 2004-2005 will make more than 15 %, concerning safe 2003.

High rates of development of the semiconducting and computer processing techniques linked to engaging and an expenditure of considerable resources, demand careful planning of processes of research and production. This planning is impossible without coordination of operation of many hundreds thousand the experts occupied in modern, international, integration processes.

Numerous scientific and technical meetings, seminars, conferences are routed this purpose. Among such actions, perhaps, the most authoritative is the traditional Forum for the implementators, received name IDF (Intel Developer Forum, further - Forum IDF), consisting of a series of the international sessions led sequentially in the different countries of the world, characterised by high rates of development of IT processing techniques. By the way, since 2002, sessions of the Forum for implementators began to be led are led in Russia — in 2002 and 2003 the Place of these actions had been selected Moscow, however in 2004 in Russia is planned to lead sessions IDF already twice and in two cities: in the spring — in Novosibirsk (on May, 17th), and in the autumn — in Moscow.

Estimating value of these actions, it is necessary to remind, that IDF is the largest action for implementators of hardware and the software. Forum IDF gathers leading representatives of a science and engineering for consideration of the various questions linked to the advanced computer processing techniques and production of electronic branches, intended for personal computers, servers, the communication equipment and pocket computing circuits.

At sessions of Forums rates of development of the specified branches are parsed, problems are considered, the newest processing techniques and the products released not only the main organizer – Intel corporation, but also other companies are announced. By the way, on one of the Forums, taken place several years ago, the vice-president and the executive director on processing techniques Patrick Gelsinger has offered one more variant of decryption of abbreviation IDF: Industry Developer Forum, having underlined value of the Forum for the industry. Besides, from all actions led within the limits of IDF, to developments of corporation of Intel it is devoted the little more than 50 %, other part belongs to reachings of other companies and the corporations participating in operation of Forums IDF for implementators.

Next such Forum for implementators – IDF Spring 2004 has taken place recently in San Francisco (the USA, California).

This Forum has opened a spring series of 2004 and has been devoted actual problems of branch at a stage of its output from deep crisis, and also to perspective semiconducting and computer processing techniques. Further condemnation of these questions will be continued at sessions in other cities and the countries, including now and Russia where for the first time will take place not only the autumn actions which are already traditionally led in Moscow, but also spring – in Novosibirsk.

Coming back to IDF Spring 2004, it is necessary to mark, that for operation in the Forum engineers and representatives of the most popular mass media have been invited about five thousand participants among which there were businessmen, scientific.

And now it is a little about some processing techniques and the products which have called the greatest interest.

This time even before opening of the Forum for journalists some press conferences have been led. During the given actions experts of Intel have told about a number of research operations, announced the newest processing techniques and samples of some perspective products have shown.

Among the newest developments presented during given press conferences, bessomnenija, the greatest interest research in the field of photoelectronic products deserve. The given researches have received generalising name photonics.

Perspectivity of the given researches consists that light, as is known, possesses unprecedented information capacity. It popularity of the fiber-optical communication circuits promptly superseding traditional copper wires speaks. Besides, unlike electrical light signals are not subject to the deformations called by effect electrical and magnetic fields. High noninterference of the handled information from here follows.

Operations in the field of creation of photoelectronic instruments are carried on all over the world. In the market it is possible to find set of products: from become traditional fiber lines, connectors and appropriate photo-electric converters to commutators, modulators, etc.

At the heart of their operation the various actinoelectricities known from physicists, and also a number of processing techniques MEMS lay.

The problem consists that products used till now are calculated for the frequencies which values mismatches high-speed level of other computer components. Moreover, mismatches possibilities of modern monolithic microcircuits.

Here this disrupture also managed to be reduced considerably to some extent, and in some cases and completely to remove.

And before to pass to an essence of already realised ideas, it is necessary to concern one more problem. The matter is that until recently photoarrangements formed, as a rule, in the form of the separate components demanding appropriate electronic obvjazki in the form of monolithic microcircuits, well and paths of photosignals formed on the basis of glass with additives of rare-earth substances. Glass usually used quartz, ftoridnoe, etc.

Now, when all main components of the problems facing to experts are considered, it is necessary to describe an essence of the last reachings of photonics from Intel. It is linked to multiplexing of traditional solid-state technologies with photoprocessing techniques not only within the limits of one chip, but even on one silicon chip, using that circumstance, that silicon possesses a high transparency in a band infrakrasno light.

During press conference doctor Kevin of Cannes (Dr. Kevin Kahl, Intel Senior Fellow, Director Communications Technology Lab, Corporate Technology Group, Intel Corporation) and doctor Mario Panichchia (Dr. Mario Paniccia, Director Photonics Research Lab, Corporate Technology Group, Intels Corporation) have described the theory of the integrated modulator of the light signals created on the basis of one silicon chip.

Scientists of corporation of Intel managed to divide a light beam into two identical light rays One of these rays it is modulated, effecting the environment of its distribution by an electric charge. At interconnection of both rays taking into account translation of their phases the sequence of light impulses - of "flashes" again is derivated. Thus in created Intel to a chip modulation of a light stream is carried out at the expense of effect of an interference of two rays of light which phases or coincide (is handled "unit"), or are in phase opposition ("zero" is handled).

Now contributors of Intel managed to create the high-speed modulator which frequency makes 1 GHz., At least, in 50 times faster, than till now it was possible to reach it in similar systems by means of traditional methods and resources. And experts assert, that the reached value the next years can be overlapped, at least, in time.

It is necessary to add, that the silicon microphotonics will find application in various arrangements and system. For example, in communication systems, computer equipment, optical arrangements of an information storage and arrangements of optical handle.

However, despite sensational nature of the given substances, it is necessary to recollect, at least short, and about other performances.

Among perspective projects operations led in Intel on research of influence of computer processing techniques and knowledge on cultures of the different people and the countries have been named. To some extent with these researches the project «Digital house» which purpose is is intersected to expand functionality of the modern computer. It will allow to make the computer centre of entertainment, link, training and operation. In immediate prospects the computer should incur house and health protection. But already today it is capable to substitute traditional audio and the videorecorder, well and is finite, the TV.

To a word about perspectives of development of house television arrangements, journalists and present experts could familiarise with development of Intel which have received the name processing technique LCOS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon). This development has led to creation on the basis of solid-state technologies of Intel of the miniature displays, allowing to create high-quality projective screens and compact projectors for a house cinema. But they can be used and as resources of mapping of the information of computer systems.

Consideration of computer processing techniques has been continued and during key reports of heads of corporation of Intel.

The first was Krejga Barrett's performance, the main chief executive of corporation of Intel (Craig Barrett, Chief Executive Officer). He has confirmed, that on all metrics the deepest crisis in history of existence of computer branch was completed. And in priority there were those corporations which even in the conditions of recession did not stop the researches. It is quite natural, that as such example it has resulted Intel.

Once again Krejg Barrett has paid attention present on an expedition of convergence of computer and communication processing techniques and a role which is played by Intel corporation in developments of wireless specifications and processing techniques, such as IEEE802.11, USB (Ultra Wideband with a pass-band to 0,5 Gbit/c) etc.

The head of corporation has told about operations in the field of perspective processing techniques, which the newest concern well-known Hyper-Threading and Intel Centrino, and also LaGrande (rise of safety of calculations) and Vanderpool (rise of dependability, flexibility and high-speed performance).

From other advanced development CEO Intel has marked planned support of 64-bit instructions by 32-bit processors. This architecture has received the name processing technique IA32e.

Speaking rather this architecture, Krejg Barrett has underlined, that it is a question only of the market of servers and workstations. And this processing technique will be already realised in 2004 - in following generations of server processors of Intel Xeon. Further in process of the extension of the software market oriented to 64-bit calculations, the given support will appear and in processors desktopnogo level.

It is necessary to mark, as Krejg Barrett, and the subsequent lecturers, and spetsialisy, participating in numerous open desktops, is multiple underlined, that IA32e architecture providing implementation of 64-bit commands, is not copying of already existing AMD architectures. Moreover, it was repeatedly underlined, that the command system is not the property of the given corporation-competitor. Besides, architectures of the processors presented by both manufacturers, are different and have the features. These features will find appropriate incarnation in command systems: both in 32, and in 64-bit commands. Approximately how it has been made in MMX commands, SSE, etc. However in many commands compatibility will be present, however will be, bessomnenija, and differences. Differences in products from Intel and AMD will be linked basically to the different architectures, different approaches to engineering of the processors, different processing techniques.

Intel corporation as it was underlined repeatedly by Krejg Barrett, puts considerable resources in development of the processing techniques oriented not only on current requirements, but also on perspective.

As an example of perspective researches, the head of Intel has resulted the operations linked to construction of intellectual systems. One of such developments has been announced in a number of the last press releases of Intel. It is a question of the autocontrol of cars realised on the basis of several computers with processors of Intel Itanium 2 and Intel Xeon.

But except the arrogant projects routed to the future there were also the developments intended for implementation already today.

For corporate users it is the concept of digital office and the server processing techniques linked to development of the leader of the market of the processor of Intel Itanium2, and also widely popular among small and moderate-sized firms of the processor of Intel Xeon. These schedules have been sounded by Bill Sju, the vice-president and the general manager of division of Intel Desktop Platforms Group (William Siu, Vice President General Manager, Desktop Platforms Group) and Michael Fistererom, the high vice-president and the general manager of division of Intel Enterprise Platforms Group (Michael Fister, Senior Vice President General Manager, Enterprise Platforms Group). They have told, for example, about schedules of release of server processors with several kernels. This event is expected in 2005, and already 2004 there will be processors of Intel Xeon with support of 64-bit commands.

Novelties of the market of transportable computers were sounded by Anand Chandraseher, the vice-president and the general manager of division of Intel Mobile Platforms Group (Anand Chandrasekher, President and General Manager, Mobile Platforms Group) and SHona Melouni, the executive vice-president of corporation of Intel (Sean Maloney, Executive Vice President
General Manager, Intel Communications Group). From reports it is necessary to expect appearance in the near future of several models of the processor of Intel of Pentium M with kernel Dothan, 90 nanometers fulfilled on processing technique. This processor can show the advantages as a part of new platform Sonoma. This platfora provides usage of the new chip set providing support of a transmission frequency of data on the system bus of 533 MHz, and also new interface Wi-Fi (802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g). Will gain further distribution and solutions on the basis of processors for a handheld computer (PDA). Their architecture, as well as processors of other segments of the market, the corporation of Intel on the basis of the newest solid-state technologies will continue to develop. Evolution of these processing techniques and the main tendencies in the field of perfection of the architecture of processors became consideration objects in the report and on «round desktop» Patrick Gelsingera, the vice-president and the executive director on processing techniques of Intel (Patrick Gelsinger, Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer).

He has told about history of development of solid-state technologies and the architecture of processors in the conditions of reduction of the sizes of the units making a basis of chips, and also has formulated main objectives and tasks of the future systems.

But this subject of already following articles.