Names and short parametres of processors. A part 2.
(Continuation)
Evgenie Rudometov, Victor Rudometov.
authors@rudometov.com
Article is grounded on substances of books "Arrangement of the multimedia computer" and "Motherboards and chip sets"
Pentium (133 MHz) — June, 1995 Working clock rate of 133 MHz (frequency of the bus of 66 MHz), 218,9 million op/with (4.01 SPECint95, 3.50 SPECfp95 on system Xxpress with 1 Mбайт cache memories of the second level), 3,3 million transistors, processing technique BiKMOP 0,35 microns, the external data bus of 64 bits, the bus of 32 address of bats, internal digit capacity of 32 bits, the addressed memory of 4 Gbytes, the virtual storage of 64 Tbyte, power supply 3,3 V.Chislo of contact electrodes 296 (PGA, 5 sm h 5 sm). Are intended for desktop PCs and servers.
Pentium (166, 150 MHz) — on January, 4th, 1996 Working clock rates 166, 150 MHz (4.58 SPECint95, 3.92 SPECfp95 on system Xxpress from 1 Mb of the cache memory of the second level), frequencies of the bus, accordingly, 66 and 60 MHz, 3,3 million transistors, processing technique BiKMOP 0,35 microns, the external data bus of 64 bits, the bus of 32 address of bats, internal digit capacity of 32 bits, the addressed memory of 4 Gbytes, the virtual storage of 64 Tbyte. Number of contact electrodes 296 (PGA, 5 sm h 5 sm). Are intended for desktop PCs and servers.
Pentium (200 MHz) — on June, 10th, 1996 Working clock rate of 200 MHz, (5.17 SPECint95, 4.32 SPECfp95, iCOMP Index 2.0 — 142), frequency of the bus of 66 MHz, 3,3 million transistors, processing technique BiKMOP 0,35 microns, the external data bus of 64 bits, the bus of 32 address of bats, internal digit capacity of 32 bits, the addressed memory of 4 Gbytes, the virtual storage of 64 Tbyte. Number of contact electrodes 296 (a plastic pug-in package — PPGA, 5 sm h 5 sm). Are intended for desktop PCs and servers.
Further perfection of the architecture of Pentium has led to appearance of processors of Pentiums providing support of processing technique MMX, providing effective performance of stream operations.
The new set from 57 MMX commands was added. Processing technique — 0,35 microns. The kernel supply voltage has decreased. With these processors the architecture of motherboards as double power supplies of processors have demanded installation of an additional surge protector has varied also. The size of the cache memory of the first level (L1) has been increased twice and has made 32 Kbytes. Internal clock rate — 166-233 MHz, frequency of the bus — 66 MHz. Processors are calculated for Socket 7 plug .
Pentium (200, 166 MHz) with processing technique MMX — on January, 8th, 1997 Working clock rates 200, 166 MHz (6.44 SPECint95, 4.87 SPECfp95, iCOMP Index 2.0 — 182), frequency of the bus of 66 MHz, 4,5 million transistors, processing technique of CMOS 0,35 microns, the external data bus of 64 bits, the bus of 32 address of bats, internal digit capacity of 32 bits, the addressed memory of 4 Gbytes, the virtual storage of 64 Tbyte. Number of contact electrodes 296 (PPGA, 5 sm h 5 sm). Are intended for desktop PCs and servers.
Pentium (233 MHz) with processing technique MMX — on June, 2nd, 1997 Working clock rate of 233 MHz (7.12 SPECint95, 5.21 SPECfp95, iCOMP Index 2.0 — 203), frequency of the bus of 66 MHz, 4,5 million transistors, processing technique of CMOS 0,35 microns, the external data bus of 64 bits, the bus of 32 address of bats, internal digit capacity of 32 bits, the addressed memory of 4 Gbytes, the virtual storage of 64 Tbyte. Number of contact electrodes 296 (PPGA, 5 sm h 5 sm). Are intended for desktop PCs and servers.
Except the enumerated processors of Pentium with clock rates of 66-233 MHz and oriented basically on sector of desktop computers, Intel corporation have been released the processors intended only for transportable computers.
Pentium (200, 233, 266, 300 MHz) with processing technique MMX — 1997-1999 the Worker clock frequencies of 200-300 MHz, 4,5 million transistors, processing technique 0,25 microns, the bus of 64 bits, internal digit capacity of 32 bits, the addressed memory of 68 Gbytes. Tank TCP (Tape Carrier Package), number of contact electrodes 320. Are intended for transportable PCs and notebooks.
Tillamook — the code name of a kernel of processors of Pentiums created in 1997 on processing technique of 0,25 microns and intended for application in transportable computers. Differ a kernel and power-dissipation capability reduced voltage. Cache memory L1 — 32 Kbytes, instruction set MMX. Clock rates of the bus of 60-66 MHz. Packing type — TCP and MMC. There are adapters for installation Tillamook in slot Super 7.
Perfection of the architecture of processors and processing technique of their production have allowed to release the following, the sixth, generation of products. Allocation in uniform tank and kernels, and cache memories of the second level was the main innovation. The architecture of the processors which have received name P6, has been optimised under 32-bit applications and as practice has shown, far not always, realised the advantages at performance prevailing then 16-bit applications.
Fig. 5. The processor of Intel of Pentium Pro
Pentium Pro (200, 180, 166, 150 MHz) — the first processors of sixth generation P6 released in November, 1995 For the first time cache memory L2 banked in one tank with a kernel and working on frequency of a kernel of the processor is applied. Processors had very high cost price of manufacture. 0,6 microns, and then on 0,35 microns that has allowed to increase size of cache memory L2 with 256 to 512, 1024 and 2048 Kbytes were released at first on processing technique . Quantity of transistors — 5,5 million kernel and 15,5 million in case of 256 Kbytes of cache memory L2. Clock rate — from 150 to 200 MHz. Frequency of the bus — 60 and 66 MHz. Cache memory L1 — 16 Kbytes (on 8 Kbytes of the cache memory of programs and data). The double independent bus has been entered Into the architecture (DIB), consisting of the 64-bit external system bus and the 64-bit bus of the cache memory of the second level. Processor Socket 8 plug . Supported all instructions of processors of Pentium, and also a number of new instructions (cmov, fcomi etc .) . The addressed memory of 64 Gbytes, the virtual storage of 64 Tbyte, power supply 3,3 In (3,1 In for low model). Tank Dual Cavity Pin Grid Array Package, 6,25 sm x 6,76 sm, number of contact electrodes 387. Possibility of operation in the multiprocessing systems providing to 4 processors. Are intended for desktop PCs, workstations and class servers high-end.
Fig. 6. A kernel of the processor of Intel of Pentium Pro
The architecture of Pentium Pro has considerably anticipated time. Further all innovations realised in Pentium Pro, have inherited processors of Pentium II and soon Pentiums which have replaced them III. Thus the cost price of these processors was unlike below their prototype.
Thanks to successes of processing technique these processors became really mass products. But about it in the following part of article.
To pass to razrelu Processors